New Zealand’s cybersecurity profile is characterized by high internet connectivity, a comprehensive domestic cybersecurity policy framework, and an active role in international internet governance. The country has developed advanced internet infrastructure, including an expanding subsea cable network and improved rural connectivity through satellite services from companies like SpaceX and Lynk. Positioned in the geopolitically sensitive Pacific region and as a member of the Five Eyes intelligence alliance, New Zealand plays a crucial role in safeguarding its digital space while addressing evolving cyber threats and foreign interference. The country’s strong cybersecurity measures and commitment to international cooperation make it a key player in the global cybersecurity landscape.
New Zealand’s internet infrastructure is highly developed and diverse, with widespread access to various broadband connections across the country. Recent years have seen significant investments in expanding the subsea cable network, enhancing New Zealand’s global connectivity and internet resilience (Submarinecablemap.com, 2025). Additionally, cell service companies like One NZ and 2degrees have reached agreements with SpaceX and Lynk to improve rural and remote access through satellite technologies, reducing the digital divide and ensuring broader internet access (ITA, 2023). As the demand for digital and cyber infrastructure grows, New Zealand’s heavy reliance on renewable hydropower for electricity generation introduces risks—particularly during dry periods—which could affect the energy supply needed to support its expanding digital infrastructure (Net Zero Watch, 2024). This challenge is further compounded by the country’s commitment to achieving net-zero emissions of greenhouse gases, excluding biogenic methane (Ministry for the Environment, 2024).
New Zealand consistently ranks among the world’s most free and democratic nations, with strong protections for internet freedom (Freedom House, 2024). Government initiatives like the Safer Online Services and Media Platforms (SOSMP) project aim to balance online safety with the right to free expression, reinforcing the country’s commitment to digital rights (Department of Internal Affairs, 2024). In regards to state surveillance and data privacy, New Zealand enforces robust data privacy laws, cybersecurity measures, and national security legislation, including the 2017 Intelligence and Security Act and the 2019 Terrorism Suppression (Control Orders) Act, to protect citizens while respecting human rights (NZSIS, 2017; New Zealand Legislation, 2019). The National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) serves as New Zealand’s primary agency for protecting its cyber environment, collaborating closely with international allies to enhance the country’s cybersecurity capabilities and resilience (NCSC, 2025). Alongside this, New Zealand’s Defence Forces do maintain cyber capabilities and regularly participate in the US’ Cyber Flag exercises (RNZ, 2024). Despite maintaining a strong cyber environment, New Zealand faces challenges from foreign interference and espionage, notably from the People’s Republic of China, as highlighted in the 2024 New Zealand Security Intelligence Services’ Security Threat Environment Report (NZSIS, 2024).
New Zealand has a multi-stakeholder approach to cybersecurity and internet governance internationally. The country’s 2019 Cyber Security Strategy states, “the openness of the internet is part of its unique value – allowing for unrestricted participation and the free flow of information” (DPMC, 2019). In the document, the government commits to a leadership role in helping shape the cybersecurity landscape as well as a commitment to work with the private sector, non-government organizations, and the international community. New Zealand has contributed to the development of the international cybersecurity space through diplomatic engagement, international capacity building, and international law.
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