{"id":7750,"date":"2023-10-18T12:16:45","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T19:16:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/?p=7750"},"modified":"2023-10-18T12:16:45","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T19:16:45","slug":"research-impacts-in-el-salvador","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The below text is featured in the <a href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/03\/uw-center-for-human-rights-annual-report-2022-2023\/\">UWCHR 2022-2023 Annual Report.<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>45 Years after the National Guard of El Salvador Killed Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, His Family Bids Him Farewell<br \/>\n<\/b>By V\u00edctor Pe\u00f1a, Translated from Spanish by Max Granger<br \/>\nReprinted with permission from El Faro<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/elfaro.net\/en\/202212\/ef_photo\/26599\/45-Years-after-the-National-Guard-of-El-Salvador-Killed-Efra%C3%ADn-Ar%C3%A9valo-His-Family-Bids-Him-Farewell.htm\">See the original article here.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The National Guard of El Salvador executed Efra\u00edn Antonio Ar\u00e9valo Ibarra in November 1978, one year after his disappearance. <strong>His death is one of several documented in a recently declassified document obtained from the US Central Intelligence Agency on August 29, 2022, by Angelina Godoy, director of the Center for Human Rights at the University of Washington.<\/strong> It is one of several documents related to enforced disappearances during the country\u2019s armed conflict that Godoy requested in 2019, which reveal further details on atrocities perpetrated by El Salvador\u2019s National Police and National Guard between January 1, 1975, and December 31, 1980.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">At the time of his disappearance, Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo had been working as a teacher at a rural school in the municipality of Chinameca, in the department of San Miguel, and serving as a member of the Executive Committee of ANDES 21 de Junio, the most important teachers\u2019 union in the country. His son, Jos\u00e9 Efra\u00edn Cu\u00e9llar Ar\u00e9valo, had also been detained by government forces in the city of San Miguel on October 26, 1977, so days later, on November 6, Efra\u00edn went to the National Guard barracks in San Salvador, searching for his son. He had received information that Jos\u00e9 Efra\u00edn was being held there, and Efra\u00edn, who had scheduled a meeting at the Ministry of Education later that afternoon, took advantage of his trip to the capitol to search for his son.<\/span><\/p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-7750 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-medium'>\n<dl class='gallery-item'>\n<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/el-faro-pic2\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic2-300x200.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7725\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic2-530x353.jpeg 530w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic2-375x250.jpeg 375w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic2.jpeg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7725'>\n\t\t\t\tMario Orellana, 58, consoles Fresia Ar\u00e9valo, his wife of 56 years and Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo\u2019s third daughter, as other family members read letters to their deceased father. Mario and Fresia migrated to the United States during the war and now live in Salt Lake City, Utah. Mario has known the Ar\u00e9valo family since 1976 and lived through Efra\u00edn\u2019s disappearance. He has also accompanied the family on their search for Efra\u00edn for the past 45 years. \u201cWe had already resigned ourselves to never knowing anything about what happened to him, but now that we have an answer, we want to bid him a proper Christian farewell, as his mother and wife would have wanted,\u201d Mario says. In 2017, Carlos Efra\u00edn Orellana, the son of Mario and Fresia, met Angelina Godoy, director of the Center for Human Rights at the University of Washington, and told her about his grandfather\u2019s 1977 disappearance. In June 2019, Godoy requested the declassification of CIA documents on enforced disappearances involving El Salvador\u2019s National Police and National Guard that occurred between January 1975 and December 1980. In September 2022, these documents confirmed that Efra\u00edn was killed in 1978. Photo credit\/ El Faro.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl class='gallery-item'>\n<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/el-faro-pic3\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic3-300x200.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7726\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic3-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic3-530x353.jpeg 530w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic3-375x250.jpeg 375w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic3.jpeg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7726'>\n\t\t\t\tEfra\u00edn\u2019s name is one of more than 600 others listed as \u201cdesaparecidos y desaparecidas\u201d for the years 1970 to 1979 on the Monument to Memory and Truth in Cuscatl\u00e1n Park\u2014a fraction of the nearly 30,000 total victims memorialized. \u201cThis is an act of closure and healing for our hearts,\u201d said Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo\u2019s nephew, Roberto Castillo, speaking in front of the wall of names. In 1977, when Roberto was just eight years old, he accompanied his grandmother to the morgues and other places where authorities had reported deaths, to confirm whether any of the bodies were his uncle\u2019s. Roberto says that he remembers how every day his grandmother would sit in the doorway of her house waiting for Efra\u00edn to return. Originally, the family was from the municipality of Santa Elena, in the department of Usulut\u00e1n, where in 1981 the Salvadoran Army massacred more than 30 people. Photo credit\/ El Faro.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl class='gallery-item'>\n<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/el-faro-pic6\/'><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic6-300x200.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-7729\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic6-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic6-530x353.jpeg 530w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic6-375x250.jpeg 375w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-pic6.jpeg 720w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-7729'>\n\t\t\t\tRen\u00e1n (third from right) is Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo\u2019s youngest son. He was born on December 21, 1977, one month after his father\u2019s disappearance. He grew up in Los Planes Segundos, a canton in the municipality of Chinameca, in the department of San Miguel, the same community where his father worked as director of the Escuela Rural Mixta Jos\u00e9 A. Mora. When he was fourteen years old, Ren\u00e1n\u2019s teacher showed him a photograph of Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo that had been published in a 1977 newspaper. This was the first time Ren\u00e1n, who had grown up separate from the rest of the family, had seen his father\u2019s face, and from that point on, he began developing an interest in meeting his other siblings. In 2008, he finally met his three sisters. \u201cThey say I look just like my dad. I feel proud because now I know he was an exemplary person who fought against injustice and for inequality in my country,\u201d he says. Ren\u00e1n is now the same age his father was when he disappeared. He attended his father\u2019s funeral accompanied by his wife and three children. Photo credit\/ El Faro.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<p><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">He never made it to the meeting. \u201cOn the day of his disappearance, Efra\u00edn was wearing brown linen pants and a yellow shirt,\u201d wrote his wife, Iris Idalia Portillo, who would go on to search for her husband at every state security agency and nearly every hospital in the country. Iris even managed to get an audience with the undersecretary of defense, Jos\u00e9 Eduardo Iraheta, but she never found any answers. She sought help from Monsignor \u00d3scar Arnulfo Romero, who publicly denounced Efra\u00edn\u2019s disappearance in one of his homilies. She spoke with media outlets about her husband\u2019s disappearance and met with Victoria de Romero, the mother of then-president general Romero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">None of her efforts yielded any answers, but Iris held out hope that her husband had escaped the country and was still alive. In September 2022, upon the release of the declassified documents, Efra\u00edn\u2019s family received confirmation of his death: \u201cIn November 1978, General Alfredo Alvarenga, the director general of the National Guard of El Salvador, ordered the assassination of Salvadoran political prisoners Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo Ibarra, Manuel Alberto Rivera, and Carlos Antonio Madriz. They were killed by National Guard Lieutenant Jos\u00e9 Antonio Castillo and Sergeant Miguel Antonio Ram\u00edrez Mejicanos.\u201d The bodies, the document continues, were deposited in an unknown location.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Forty-five years later and two months after learning of his death, on November 19, 2022, the Ar\u00e9valo family organized a ceremony to celebrate what would have been Efra\u00edn\u2019s 88th birthday, and to hold a funeral to bid him farewell. The gathering took place in San Salvador at the Monument to Memory and Truth, in Cuscatl\u00e1n Park. \u201cIt is absurd and thoughtless to say that these events have been a \u2018farce,\u2019\u201d said Astul Ar\u00e9valo, Efra\u00edn\u2019s brother, referring to comments made by Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele and his followers about events such as the signing of the 1992 Peace Accords.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cAs long as Efra\u00edn is in our memory, he will always be part of history. We are doing this as a family to demand justice for all those crimes and human rights violations, so that they are not repeated here or anywhere else, because human rights must be respected,\u201d said Mario Orellana, Efra\u00edn\u2019s son-in-law. \u201cThis is an act of closure and healing for our hearts,\u201d added Roberto Castillo, Efra\u00edn\u2019s nephew, who at only eight years old had helped search for his uncle\u2019s body among the corpses that began appearing in the streets in the early years of the war.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b><a href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/projects\/unfinished-sentences\/\">Learn more about UWCHR&#8217;s Unfinished Sentences project here.<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<h1><\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The below text is featured in the UWCHR 2022-2023 Annual Report. 45 Years after the National Guard of El Salvador Killed Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, His Family Bids Him Farewell By V\u00edctor Pe\u00f1a, Translated from Spanish by Max Granger Reprinted with permission from El Faro See the original article here. The National Guard of El Salvador executed<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":675,"featured_media":7724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[428,15,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-2022-2023","category-news","category-unfinished-sentences"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador - Center for Human Rights<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador - Center for Human Rights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The below text is featured in the UWCHR 2022-2023 Annual Report. 45 Years after the National Guard of El Salvador Killed Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, His Family Bids Him Farewell By V\u00edctor Pe\u00f1a, Translated from Spanish by Max Granger Reprinted with permission from El Faro See the original article here. The National Guard of El Salvador executed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Center for Human Rights\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uwchr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-18T19:16:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"480\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Andrea Marcos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@uwchr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@uwchr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Andrea Marcos\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/\",\"name\":\"Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador - Center for Human Rights\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-10-18T19:16:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-10-18T19:16:45+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/#\/schema\/person\/709faaefbbdc883d7b3b0fdab91a470f\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":480,\"caption\":\"Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo Ibarra was working as a teacher and serving as a member on the Executive Committee of the National Association of Salvadoran Educators 21 de Junio (ANDES 21 de Junio) when he disappeared in 1977. He would have turned 88 years old on November 19, 2022, the day his family and roughly one hundred other mourners gathered at the Monument to Memory and Truth in Cuscatl\u00e1n Park in San Salvador to celebrate his life and bid him farewell. Efra\u00edn\u2019s family placed a floral wreath on the monument, his granddaughter recited a poem, and his children read letters and pasted photographs of their father on the wall, alongside the names of the thousands disappeared during El Salvador\u2019s armed conflict, bidding him farewell with dignity. Photo credit\/ El Faro.\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/\",\"name\":\"Center for Human Rights\",\"description\":\"Committed to interdisciplinary excellence in the education of undergraduate and graduate students in the field of human rights\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/#\/schema\/person\/709faaefbbdc883d7b3b0fdab91a470f\",\"name\":\"Andrea Marcos\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ca8e7e72438d1b56192c3829fb155e5b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ca8e7e72438d1b56192c3829fb155e5b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Andrea Marcos\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/author\/amarcos\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador - Center for Human Rights","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador - Center for Human Rights","og_description":"The below text is featured in the UWCHR 2022-2023 Annual Report. 45 Years after the National Guard of El Salvador Killed Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, His Family Bids Him Farewell By V\u00edctor Pe\u00f1a, Translated from Spanish by Max Granger Reprinted with permission from El Faro See the original article here. The National Guard of El Salvador executed","og_url":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/","og_site_name":"Center for Human Rights","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/uwchr\/","article_published_time":"2023-10-18T19:16:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":480,"url":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Andrea Marcos","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@uwchr","twitter_site":"@uwchr","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Andrea Marcos","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/","url":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/","name":"Research Impacts in\u00a0 El Salvador - Center for Human Rights","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg","datePublished":"2023-10-18T19:16:45+00:00","dateModified":"2023-10-18T19:16:45+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/#\/schema\/person\/709faaefbbdc883d7b3b0fdab91a470f"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/2023\/10\/18\/research-impacts-in-el-salvador\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/humanrights\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/22\/2023\/10\/El-Faro-Pic1.jpeg","width":720,"height":480,"caption":"Efra\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo Ibarra was working as a teacher and serving as a member on the Executive Committee of the National Association of Salvadoran Educators 21 de Junio (ANDES 21 de Junio) when he disappeared in 1977. He would have turned 88 years old on November 19, 2022, the day his family and roughly one hundred other mourners gathered at the Monument to Memory and Truth in Cuscatl\u00e1n Park in San Salvador to celebrate his life and bid him farewell. Efra\u00edn\u2019s family placed a floral wreath on the monument, his granddaughter recited a poem, and his children read letters and pasted photographs of their father on the wall, alongside the names of the thousands disappeared during El Salvador\u2019s armed conflict, bidding him farewell with dignity. 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