{"id":2992,"date":"2019-01-24T20:43:12","date_gmt":"2019-01-24T20:43:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/seac\/?page_id=2992"},"modified":"2019-02-05T21:39:32","modified_gmt":"2019-02-05T21:39:32","slug":"history-of-viet-nam-war","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/resources\/past-talks\/history-of-viet-nam-war\/","title":{"rendered":"History of Viet Nam War"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: left\">Do You Teach About the Vietnam War?<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s wrong with this statement from Rory Kennedy\u2019s documentary film, <em>Last Days in Vietnam<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/seac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3074 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/seac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip-300x49.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"49\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip-300x49.png 300w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip-768x124.png 768w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip-1024x166.png 1024w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip-375x61.png 375w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip-750x121.png 750w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/Viet-Nam-doc-snip.png 1044w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3073 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/seac\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/viet-nam-map-192x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"192\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/viet-nam-map-192x300.png 192w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/viet-nam-map-768x1200.png 768w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/viet-nam-map-655x1024.png 655w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/viet-nam-map-375x586.png 375w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/viet-nam-map-750x1172.png 750w, https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2019\/02\/viet-nam-map.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 192px) 100vw, 192px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">A) The date is wrong; in actuality the offensive Kennedy refers to started in January 1975.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">B) There was no territorial or political division into a North and South Viet Nam. The two rival governments, (1) the DRVN and (2) the ASVN and its successor state the RVN, each claimed to have legitimate authority over the whole of Viet Nam.\u00a0 Unlike the US Civil War, there was no secession.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">C) The National Liberation Front, an armed force situated south of the DMZ and allied with the DRVN, began actively fighting the non-Communist government based in Saigon in 1960. By 1965, it controlled large swaths of territory.\u00a0 The insinuation of an ideological divide between the \u201cCommunist north\u201d and the \u201cdemocratic south,\u201d and suggestion that there were no pro-Communist forces south of the DMZ who joined the PAVN to defeat Saigon in 1975, are inaccurate and misleading.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">D) All of the above.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center\">Viet Nam:\u00a0 Facts and Fables<\/h3>\n<p>University of Washington professor of international studies and history, Christoph Giebel, examines the Viet Nam War, not with a focus on battles, but on the ways in which the various parties framed the reasons for their involvement and tried to motivate their followers. \u00a0Dr. Giebel\u2019s focus on spatial representations underscores the role that misleading mapping plays in popular imaginations to this day.[1]<\/p>\n<p>In these videos, Dr. Giebel addresses two points that are critical for teaching about the Viet Nam War:<\/p>\n<p>1)\u00a0 The indivisibility of Viet Nam was a fundamental belief of Vietnamese nationalists from the beginning of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century.<\/p>\n<p>2)\u00a0 Despite widely-held American beliefs to the contrary, there was no territorial division into a North and South Viet Nam resulting from the 1954 Geneva Accords.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/zahCL1WfIIk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"750\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rBkHW4uCLyM?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"font-size: 10pt;height: 1827px\" width=\"663\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\">Timeline<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" colspan=\"2\">Terminology<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1945<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">First independent Vietnamese state emerges with the Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (DRVN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\" width=\"90\">DRVN<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\" width=\"534\">Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (DRVN), led by Ho Chi Minh with its capital in Hanoi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1947-1954<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">First Indochina War<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">Viet Min<\/td>\n<td width=\"534\">Communist-led, broad nationalist organization that went to war with the French who tried to regain imperial control following WWII<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1949<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">Declaration of the Associated State of Viet Nam (ASVN) when French make common cause with non-Communist nationalists in Cochin China.\u00a0 Capital city is Saigon.<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">ASVN<\/td>\n<td width=\"534\">Associated State of Viet Nam.\u00a0 The DRVN and ASVN are \u201ctwo parallel states that both claim to have sole legitimate authority from the Chinese border to the tip of the Ca Mau Peninsula\u201d (i.e., the whole of Viet Nam)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1954 (May)<\/td>\n<td style=\"font-size: 10pt\" width=\"540\">\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Geneva Conference: parties arrive at two main agreements:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Military ceasefire with 17<sup>th<\/sup> parallel as line of demarcation for regroupment zones;Political solution through popular election between DRVN and ASVN set for 1956<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">RVN<\/td>\n<td width=\"534\">Republic of Viet Nam, the successor state to the ASVN.\u00a0 Created by Ngo Dinh Diem to evade agreement to hold elections in 1956 with DRVN as opponent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1955<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">Ngo Dinh Diem, installed as Prime Minister of ASVN in 1954, calls snap elections for Presidency and wins against Bao Dai, France\u2019s puppet president and the last emperor of the Nguyen Dynasty<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">NLF<\/td>\n<td width=\"534\">National Liberation Front.\u00a0 The first pro-DRVN armed resistance south of the DMZ, organized against the Ngo Dinh Diem government and commonly (and pejoratively) known as the \u201cViet Cong\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1955<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">One week later, Diem abolishes the ASVN and declares in its place the Republic of Viet Nam (RVN) which was not a signatory to the Geneva Accords, thus Diem rejects agreement to hold elections in 1956<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">ARVN<\/td>\n<td width=\"534\">Army of the Republic of Viet Nam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1960<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">Formation of the NLF to resist the Ngo Dinh Diem government<\/td>\n<td width=\"90\">PAVN<\/td>\n<td width=\"534\">People\u2019s Army of Viet Nam, the regular forces of the DRVN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1963<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">ARVN deposes and kills Ngo Dinh Diem in coup, with US approval, further destabilizing the southern zone<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\" width=\"90\">\u201cVietnamization\u201d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left\" width=\"534\">The training and build-up of Vietnamese forces so that US forces could be withdrawn over time<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1964<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">Gulf of Tonkin incident<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1965<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">US forces land in Danang, south of the DMZ<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1965-67<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">Rapid build-up of US forces, with approximately 500,000 US troops in southern zone by 1967; DRVN begins sending its regular army forces (PAVN) south<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1968<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">Tet Offensive which leads to next phase of war, known as \u201cVietnamization\u201d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1972<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">Becomes apparent that ARVN is unable to defend against the combined forces of PAVN and the NLF (under 100,000 US troops at this time)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1973 (Jan.)<\/td>\n<td style=\"font-size: 10pt\" width=\"540\">Paris Agreement (signed Jan. 27) included two main provisions:<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Ceasefire entailing US withdrawal and Vietnamese forces remaining in place;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">Political solution for reunification.\u00a0US withdraws in early 1973<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"84\">1975<\/td>\n<td width=\"540\">ARVN defeated and Saigon overrun by PAVN and NLF forces (April 30, 1975)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Additional resources on Viet Nam include Professor Christoph Giebel&#8217;s lecture on the <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/8J42v2LJwlE\">Vietnamese Revolution of 1945<\/a>, a<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/PNJo2pPxLlI\"> panel discussion on Ken Burns&#8217; Viet Nam War documentary<\/a>, and a lecture by Professor David Biggs titled <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/yIZhU17wwmE\">War in the Land<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size: 10pt\">[1] The series of three lectures were delivered at Seattle\u2019s Mirabella Retirement Center on August 23, 30, and September 6, 2018.\u00a0 The first, about the early period leading up to the Geneva Accords of 1954, was not recorded.\u00a0 The second and third address the Geneva Accords and their immediate aftermath and developments afterwards leading to the Paris Agreement of 1973.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do You Teach About the Vietnam War? &nbsp; What\u2019s wrong with this statement from Rory Kennedy\u2019s documentary film, Last Days in Vietnam? A) The date is wrong; in actuality the offensive Kennedy refers to started in January 1975. B) There was no territorial or political division into a North and South Viet Nam. The two<\/p>\n<div><a class=\"more\" href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/resources\/past-talks\/history-of-viet-nam-war\/\">Read more<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":561,"featured_media":0,"parent":2049,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2992","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","region-viet-nam","research-theme-colonialism","research-theme-history","research-theme-politics","research-theme-southeast-asia","research-theme-war"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>History of Viet Nam War - Center for Southeast Asia and its Diasporas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jsis.washington.edu\/csead\/resources\/past-talks\/history-of-viet-nam-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"History of Viet Nam War - Center for Southeast Asia and its Diasporas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Do You Teach About the Vietnam War? &nbsp; What\u2019s wrong with this statement from Rory Kennedy\u2019s documentary film, Last Days in Vietnam? 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